Weight Loss | Understanding What Healthy Weight Loss Looks Like

Understanding What Healthy Weight Loss Looks Like.

Giving Compass’ Take:
• Dieting and weight loss can be difficult. Having the right information about how to lose weight in a healthy way is imperative to actually accomplishing weight loss goals.
• How has the fitness and diet industry changed the rhetoric about healthy weight loss? The article states that the fitness industry’s blames the soaring failure rates on the people themselves, creating a culture of overt and subtle fat-shaming. How can we re-configure how we approach overweight and obese people when it comes to health?

Ancient Japanese Discovery Melts 54 LBS Of Fat

Hundreds of thousands of people fall short of their dieting and weight loss goals every year, and the incidence of obesity continues to rise. The fitness industry’s answer to this has been to continue on as planned and blame the soaring failure rates on the people themselves, creating a culture of overt and subtle fat-shaming.
I have studied weight loss and obesity for many years. The issue of overweight and obesity grows more pressing each year, as 84 million people are now considered pre-diabetic. But once they become diabetic, health problems cascade as a result of this serious disease.
People must exercise enough not only to burn calories for weight loss but to keep weight off. The initial goal of any intended weight loss transformation should be to first increase one’s exercise capacity to a critical point, called the catching point. Once this capacity is reached, food preferences will change, metabolic rates will increase and patients will have a real chance to follow an exercise regimen that results in a significant amount of calories burned.
Sleep is the time that the body changes. Structurally, our bodies are making molecules during sleep that follows exercise which will do useful things for us such as strengthen our muscles, lower blood pressure, neutralize inflammation and increase our metabolism. Sleeping enough will also make us eat less.
A recent study of a large group of people suggests that people should not count calories at all but instead pay attention to the quality of the food they eat, refraining from sugar and processed foods and instead eating lots of fruits and vegetables.

Weight loss and diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Weight and Diabetes.

A balanced diet and an active lifestyle can help all kids maintain a healthy weight. For kids with diabetes, diet and exercise are even more important because weight can affect diabetes and diabetes can affect weight.

This is true for kids and teens with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Weight and Type 1 Diabetes
In diabetes, the body doesn't use glucose properly. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin.

Undiagnosed or untreated type 1 diabetes can cause weight loss. This causes weight loss due to dehydration and loss of calories from the sugar that wasn't used as energy.

Kids who develop type 1 diabetes often lose weight even though they have a normal or increased appetite. Once kids are diagnosed and treated for type 1 diabetes, weight usually returns to normal.

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Developing type 1 diabetes isn't related to being overweight, but keeping a healthy weight is important. Too much fat tissue can make it hard for insulin to work properly, leading to both higher insulin needs and trouble controlling blood sugar.

Weight and Type 2 Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas still makes insulin, but the insulin doesn't work in the body like it should and blood sugar levels get too high. Most kids and teens are overweight when they're diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Also, weight gain in people with type 2 diabetes makes blood sugar levels even harder to control.

People with type 2 diabetes have a condition called insulin resistance. For people with type 2 diabetes, getting to a healthy weight and exercising regularly makes it easier to reach target blood sugar levels. For overweight people without type 2 diabetes, losing weight and exercising can cut their risk of developing the disease.

The Importance of a Healthy Weight
When kids with diabetes reach and maintain a healthy weight, they feel better and have more energy. They also may be less likely to develop complications from diabetes, like heart disease.

Doctors use body mass index (BMI) to determine if a person's weight is healthy. If your doctor recommends that your child lose weight to control diabetes, a weight management plan can hel. Even if your child's BMI is in the healthy range, the doctor can help you come up with a healthy meal and exercise plan.

How Can I Help My Child?
Your emotional support is an important part of helping your child get to a healthy weight. Help your child understand that all healthy people need to actively manage their weight — even you.

And remember that kids pick up on parental attitudes and actions about weight and eating — after all, you buy the food and cook the meals. Some kids with diabetes — especially teens — may try to lose weight with fad diets or other extreme measures. These aren't good for anyone, but they're especially unhealthy for people with diabetes because they throw blood sugar levels off track.
Skipping insulin. Your diabetes health care team can help you form a plan to avoid low blood sugars through changes in medicine or timed snacks.
By following the doctor's advice about food and exercise, your child can reach and maintain a healthy weight. Kids who reach a healthy weight feel better and find that diabetes management is easier.

Can i reverse type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Can i reverse type 2 diabetes?

Although there's no cure for type 2 diabetes, studies show it's possible for some people to reverse it. Not only can shedding pounds help you manage your diabetes, sometimes losing enough weight could help you live diabetes-free -- especially if you've only had the disease for a few years and haven't needed insulin.

Low-Calorie Diet
Several studies in England have looked at the effects of a very low-calorie diet on diabetes. Two had people follow a mostly liquid diet of 625-850 calories a day for 2-5 months, followed by a less restricted diet designed to help them keep off the weight they lost. Both studies found that nearly half the people who took part reversed their diabetes and kept their blood glucose near the normal range for at least 6 months to a year.
This type of diet is extreme. But the chance that it could send you into remission may give you strong motivation to stick to it.

Most of the people who reversed their type 2 diabetes lost 30 pounds or more. So it's important to get started on a weight loss plan as soon as possible after you're diagnosed.
What Happens
When you have type 2 diabetes, cells that help your body control your blood sugar stop working right. People who lost weight had lower levels of fat in their liver and pancreas, and for some of them, that helped the beta cells in their pancreas that release insulin and control blood sugar start working again.

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The odds of rescuing those cells are best early on. That suggests it may be better for doctors to help people lose a lot of weight after a diagnosis, rather than make small lifestyle changes and manage symptoms with medication.
Exercise
More physical activity is a way to improve diabetes, but it may be tough to lose enough weight to go into remission with workouts alone. Exercise can help you get there, but expect to change your diet as well.

Bariatric Surgery
This type of surgery helps you lose weight by changing your stomach and digestive system to limit how much you can eat. Aside from helping you lose weight, it may help reverse diabetes in other ways, although scientists don't yet know exactly why. One theory is that it affects the hormones in your gut to help your body control blood glucose.

Researchers estimate that upwards of three-quarters of people see their diabetes reversed after bariatric surgery. But most people who have it done end up reversing their diabetes.

Fasting
Fasting can be a practical way to lose weight because it's fairly straightforward, but it's not a mainstream treatment for type 2 diabetes.

A very small study found therapeutic fasting -- going without food and drink with calories for a set amount of time -- can help reverse type 2 diabetes. They would eat only dinner on days they fasted, and lunch and dinner on days they didn't fast, focusing on low-carbohydrate meals.
Two of the people in the study were able to stop taking all diabetes medication, and the third stopped three of their four medications. They lost between 10% and 18% of their body weight, or 20-23 pounds.

Another study showed that eating very few calories (500-600) 2 days a week and a normal diet the other days helped people with type 2 diabetes lose weight and lower their blood sugar levels just as much as limiting calories to 1,200-1,500 every day.

If you want to try fasting, you should work with your doctor so you get the right information and support to do it safely.
What Doesn't Work
When it comes to reversing diabetes, there's no magic pill. If you see a product that claims to cure diabetes or replace your prescribed diabetes medication, beware.

Is type 2 diabetes curable | Health & Fitness Expert

is type 2 diabetes curable?

There isn’t a cure for diabetes right now. But our scientists across the UK are pushing boundaries and taking steps to build a future where diabetes can do no harm.

Our scientists are busy with exciting developments. Here, we take a look at the life-changing research taking place both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Is there a cure for type 2 diabetes?
There’s no cure yet, but our scientists are working on a ground-breaking weight management study, to help people put their type 2 diabetes into remission.

Remission is when blood glucose (or blood sugar) levels are in a normal range again. This doesn’t mean diabetes has gone for good. It’s still really important for people in remission to get regular healthcare checks. But being in remission can be life changing.

Our ground-breaking study is called DiRECT, short for Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial, and it could completely change the way type 2 diabetes is treated in the future.
Is there a cure for type 1 diabetes?
In type 1 diabetes, insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system. This means you can’t make the insulin you need to live.

To stop type 1 diabetes we need to disrupt the immune system’s attack on beta cells. And our scientists are working on it. They’re aiming to develop and test treatments – called immunotherapies – that target the immune system to stop it destroying beta cells.

Exercise type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

How Exercise Can Help Manage, and Reverse, Type 2 Diabetes.

 

Type 2 diabetes, when your body can no longer efficiently use the insulin it makes and may even stop producing insulin, is a common but not inevitable condition. Studies show that diet and exercise can sharply lower the likelihood of diabetes, even in people at high risk of developing it.

Other studies show that lifestyle interventions such as diet, exercise, and education can improve risk factors that are often associated with cardiovascular disease in individuals already living with type 2 diabetes, as well as help lower blood sugar levels.

So not only does eating a nutritious diet and getting enough physical activity help manage blood sugar if you already have type 2 diabetes, but it can also aid in weight loss and high cholesterol — issues often closely tied to a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

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Also, a major clinical study by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases observed individuals at risk for diabetes for three years and found that including 150 minutes of exercise a week decreased their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58 percentTrusted Source.

This means sticking to physical activity and a nutritious diet may not only help you avoid or reverse a type 2 diabetes diagnosis now but in the future as well.
Exercise: Begin with the basics
While diet can sometimes be tailored for you by a doctor or nutritionist (i.e., you can’t tolerate gluten, you prefer low carb, if you are a vegan, etc.), the kind of exercise that works for evading or managing type 2 diabetes is a bit broader.

Essentially: All exercise counts! According to the American Heart AssociationTrusted Source, most adults need at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity, or a combination of both.

For instance, you could choose to go on two 30-minute powerwalks 2 days out of the week, combined with two 20-minute runs 2 other days of the week.

Keep in mind: Moderate aerobic exercise elevates your heart rate, so if it’s possible for you, make sure those powerwalks are brisk!

If moderate exercise isn’t possible, the American Diabetes Association says that even low-volume activity (expending just 400 kcal/week) improves insulin action in previously sedentary adults.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, if you’re living with type 2 diabetes, the effects of exercise on blood sugar can sometimes be immediate: Check your blood sugar before and after 20 to 30 minutes of heart-elevating activity, and you’ll likely see a lowered number.

Whether you’re attempting to avoid a type 2 diabetes diagnosis or trying to manage one, be sure to speak with your doctor before starting a new exercise program — especially if exercise hasn’t been a focus in your life until now.

Type 2 Diabetes Meal Plan | Health & Fitness Expert

Seven-Day Type 2 Diabetes Meal Plan.

Day 1.

Eating a diabetes-friendly diet can help keep your blood sugar levels under control. But it can be difficult to stick to a regular meal plan — unless you have a plan in place.

Check out these 21 delicious, diabetes-friendly recipes to use for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Also, be sure to balance your meals with lean protein and healthy plant fats.

Breakfast: Cream Cheese-Stuffed French Toast

This may sound too decadent for breakfast, but paired with scrambled egg whites, it can fit into a diabetes-friendly meal plan. Dried herbs and spices are a great way to pack a punch of flavor without adding unnecessary calories and fat.
Day 2.
Breakfast: Apple Pie Oatmeal with Greek Yogurt

Who wouldn’t like a slice of pie for breakfast? This is an easy grab-and-go lunch that even your kids will enjoy.

Note: This recipe may not be appropriate for all people with type 2 diabetes, because it contains 60 grams of carbs per serving. You can adjust the amount of cranberry sauce to lower the carb count.
Dinner: Cilantro-Lime Tilapia with Spinach and Tomatoes

Take a trip to the tropics with this fast fish dish.

Day 3.
Breakfast: Superfood Smoothie

If you think your mornings are too busy for breakfast, think again. Sautéed peppers, tomatoes, and onions are combined with eggs and cheese for an appetizing and full breakfast plate.
Lunch: Curried Chicken Salad Stuffed Pitas

What sets this chicken sandwich apart is the creamy Greek yogurt and mayo spread.
Dinner: Jamaican Pork Tenderloin with Lemony Green Beans

This quick, simple dinner is good enough for summer entertaining. Serve it with brown rice or pilaf for a full meal.
Day 5.
Breakfast: Granola with Nuts, Seeds, and Dried Fruit

Make this granola on the weekend and portion it out for a full week’s worth of breakfast for you and your family.

Note: This recipe has a high carb count because of the dried fruit. Serve with whole grain toast and sliced fruit for a complete weekend breakfast.
Lunch: Butternut Squash and Carrot Soup

Try this soup and there’s a chance you’ll never go back to canned varieties again.
Dinner: Grilled Shrimp Skewers

Shrimp only take a few minutes to cook, which means by the time they hit the grill, it’s dinnertime!

Keto for diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

The Keto Diet for Diabetes.

The ketogenic, or keto, diet is popular as a way to help people lose weight. Scientists are still studying how the diet affects people with the condition, but here’s what we know.

What Is the Keto Diet?
It’s a low-carb, high-fat eating plan. About 20%-30% of your diet is protein, either lean (like chicken breast) or fatty (like bacon). On the keto diet, you eat less than 50 grams of carbs a day. After a few days of the keto diet, your body runs out of glucose. It’s more common for people with type 1 than type 2.

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Ketosis happens with much lower, safer levels of ketones than ketoacidosis. It’s the state that can lead to weight loss, especially belly fat, and lower A1c for many people with diabetes.
Does Keto Work if You Have Diabetes?
Research suggests that people with type 2 diabetes can slim down and lower their blood sugar levels with the keto diet. In one study, people with type 2 lost weight, needed less medication, and lowered their A1c when they followed the keto diet for a year.
If you’re insulin resistant -- which means you have higher blood sugar levels because your body isn’t responding properly to the hormone insulin -- you could benefit from nutritional ketosis, because your body will need and make less insulin.

There are fewer studies looking at the keto diet for people with type 1 diabetes. One small study found that it helped people with type 1 lower their A1c levels, but we need a lot more research to get the full picture of the diet’s effects.

Keep in mind that most studies have only looked at the short-term results of the keto diet. It’s unclear if it works as a long-term way to manage your diabetes.

If you decide to try the keto diet, be aware that it may be hard to stick to. To make it a success, it’s a good idea to make a meal plan you can follow, including keto-friendly meals and snacks to keep on hand.
Is Keto Safe if You Have Diabetes?
That depends on the type of diabetes you have. If you have type 1 and want to try the keto diet, it’s essential that you talk to your doctor first. For either type, it’s a good idea to work closely with your doctor, since you may need to change your medications.

The keto diet has some side effects that are worth knowing about, too:

Hypoglycemia: Though the diet can lower A1c levels, that may mean you’re at a higher risk of blood sugar that dips too low, especially if you’re also taking medicine for your diabetes. Let your doctor or diabetes educator know if you try the keto diet. They can advise you about checking your blood sugar, taking your medicines, and what to do when your blood sugar drops too low.
Heart disease: The diet emphasizes eating a lot of fat. If you take medicine for heart problems, such as high blood pressure, check with your doctor to see if you need to make changes to your medications.

Lack of nutrients: Since many foods are off-limits, including some fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, you could miss out on the important nutrients you’d get from them. Work with a nutritionist familiar with nutritional ketosis to make sure your body gets what it needs.

Liver and kidney problems: These organs help your body process fat and protein. Some experts worry that the keto diet could overwork them. Others say that if your organs are healthy, you’re probably fine.

Constipation: Since you’re not eating foods like whole grains and beans, you could miss key sources of fiber.
Gallstones: If you lose weight quickly, you could be more likely to get gallstones.

Reversing Type 2 Diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Reversing Type 2 Diabetes.

Reversing diabetes is a term that usually refers to a significant long-term improvement in insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes that are able to get their HbA1c below 42 mmol/mol (6%) without taking diabetes medication are said to have reversed or resolved their diabetes. This also known as putting diabetes into remission.
Loss of body weight can be particularly beneficial in helping to reverse the progression of diabetes.

With time and dedication, type 2 diabetes can be reversed and the results can be very rewarding, with less tiredness and better all-round health.

If you think you need to come off your diabetes medication, ensure you speak to your healthcare team before doing so.

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Understanding how diabetes progresses
The most common cause of type 2 diabetes is obesity-related, which generally follows a vicious cycle pattern:

Diet high in calories -particularly if high in refined carbohydrates.
Insulin levels in the bloodstream rise to cope with the high- and quick-acting carb intake.
Weight is gained around the belly (central or truncal obesity).
Consistently high insulin levels lead to the body’s cells becoming resistant to insulin and commonly lead to weight gain.
High insulin levels also increase weight gain.
Insulin resistance leads to an increase in blood sugar levels, particularly after meals.
The pancreas produces more insulin to cope with rising blood sugar levels
High sugar levels lead to feelings of lethargy and high insulin levels lead to increased hunger.
Hunger often leads to overeating and lethargy, with less physical activity being taken.
Overeating, less activity and high insulin levels all lead to further weight gain and more insulin resistance.
Consistently high demand on the pancreas to produce extra insulin leads to damage of the pancreas’ insulin-producing beta cells.
Beta cell damage results in the body struggling to produce enough insulin, and steeper rises in blood sugar levels leads to more recognisable symptoms of diabetes, symptoms of diabetes, such as thirst and a frequent need to urinate
Breaking the progressive cycle of type 2 diabetes
To reverse diabetes, you need to be able to break this cycle by taking the strain off your insulin-producing cells.

Research indicates that effective ways to reverse diabetes include:

Low-carbohydrate diets
Very low calorie diets
Exercise
Bariatric surgery
Low-carbohydrate diets
Low-carbohydrate diets are known for lowering the amount of insulin the body needs to produce, resulting in less insulin resistance. After one year, 4% of participants on a low-fat diet had achieved remission and, after six years, 0% of participants had achieved remission.

Dr David Unwin, a UK GP, has run studies that have demonstrated reversal of diabetes in a number of his patients after following a reduced-carbohydrate diet.

Low-carbohydrate diets and remission in the news:
Nov 2016: Low-carb diet outperforms high-carb diet in lowering insulin resistance, study reports
Apr 2016: Young man from Edinburgh reverses type 2 diabetes with LCHF diet
Apr 2014: Low carb Mediterranean diet outperforms low fat diet over 8 year study
Very low-calorie diets
Very-low-calorie diets (VLCD) have been shown to achieve significant weight loss, reduce insulin resistance and allow people with type 2 diabetes to come off their diabetes medication.

In 2011, a study was published by researchers at Newcastle University showing that an 8-week 800 kcal per day diet was able to achieve remission from diabetes in seven of the 11 participants that took part. The participants in this study were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Exercise and type 2 diabetes remission in the news:
Mar 2014: Pensioner sends type 2 diabetes into remission with 12-minute workouts
Mar 2014: Cyclist puts type 2 diabetes into reverse following 7 stone weight loss
Bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery has shown significant results in reversing type 2 diabetes, with gastric bypass surgery, leading to particularly impressive remission rates.

A 2010 study showed that, three years after gastric bypass surgery, 72% of participants with type 2 diabetes had achieved remission.

Diabetes diet | Health & Fitness Expert

Diabetes diet: Create your healthy-eating plan.

Your diabetes diet is simply a healthy-eating plan that will help you control your blood sugar. Here's help getting started, from meal planning to counting carbohydrates.
A diabetes diet simply means eating the healthiest foods in moderate amounts and sticking to regular mealtimes.

A diabetes diet is a healthy-eating plan that's naturally rich in nutrients and low in fat and calories. The plan helps you control your blood sugar (glucose), manage your weight and control heart disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high blood fats.

When you eat extra calories and fat, your body creates an undesirable rise in blood glucose. If blood glucose isn't kept in check, it can lead to serious problems, such as a high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) that, if persistent, may lead to long-term complications, such as nerve, kidney and heart damage.

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You can help keep your blood glucose level in a safe range by making healthy food choices and tracking your eating habits.

For most people with type 2 diabetes, weight loss also can make it easier to control blood glucose and offers a host of other health benefits. Choose healthy carbohydrates, fiber-rich foods, fish and "good" fats.

Healthy carbohydrates
During digestion, sugars (simple carbohydrates) and starches (complex carbohydrates) break down into blood glucose. Focus on healthy carbohydrates, such as:

Fruits
Vegetables
Whole grains
Legumes, such as beans and peas
Low-fat dairy products, such as milk and cheese
Avoid less healthy carbohydrates, such as foods or drinks with added fats, sugars and sodium.

Fiber-rich foods
Dietary fiber includes all parts of plant foods that your body can't digest or absorb. Your doctor may suggest you aim for even less if you have high blood pressure.
Putting it all together: Creating a plan
You may use a few different approaches to create a diabetes diet to help you keep your blood glucose level within a normal range. Follow these steps when preparing your plate:

Fill half of your plate with nonstarchy vegetables, such as spinach, carrots and tomatoes.
Fill a quarter of your plate with a protein, such as tuna, lean pork or chicken.
Fill the last quarter with a whole-grain item, such as brown rice, or a starchy vegetable, such as green peas.
Include "good" fats such as nuts or avocados in small amounts.
Add a serving of fruit or dairy and a drink of water or unsweetened tea or coffee.
Counting carbohydrates
Because carbohydrates break down into glucose, they have the greatest impact on your blood glucose level. He or she can also teach you how to pay special attention to serving size and carbohydrate content.

If you're taking insulin, a dietitian can teach you how to count the amount of carbohydrates in each meal or snack and adjust your insulin dose accordingly.

Choose your foods
A dietitian may recommend you choose specific foods to help you plan meals and snacks. A food choice has about the same amount of carbohydrates, protein, fat and calories — and the same effect on your blood glucose — as a serving of every other food in that same category. 2 1/2 cups popcorn with 1 1/2 teaspoons margarine
What are the results of a diabetes diet?
Embracing your healthy-eating plan is the best way to keep your blood glucose level under control and prevent diabetes complications.

Diet for type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Diet for Type 2 Diabetes

Diets for type 2 diabetes should be built around the principles of healthy eating with a focus on foods that do not adversely affect blood glucose levels.

As a general guide, your diet should include a good variety of vegetables, sources of unsaturated fats such as nuts, avocados and oily fish, while processed foods should be avoided.

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Type 2 diabetes and the NHS diet
NHS diet advice generally recommends eating starchy carbohydrates with each meal, as well as more fruit and vegetables, at least two portions of oily fish a week, and less saturated fat, salt and sugars.

The most disputed part of the advice is the recommendation to eat starchy carbohydrates at each meal.
Many people with type 2 diabetes find that even low GI sources of starchy carbohydrate (such as basmati rice and whole grain bread) tend to significantly increase blood glucose levels.

Performing blood glucose tests before and two hours after meals can help you see which foods, and in what quantities, are appropriate for you.
Low-carb diets and type 2 diabetes
Low-carbohydrate diets tend to be popular with people with type 2 diabetes, with many people reporting improved blood glucose levels on a low carb diet, which can also help to reduce dependency on medication.

But despite their popularity and apparent effectiveness, low-carb diets, have yet to be endorsed by the NHS.

Can you reverse type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Reversed?

Type 2 diabetes (formerly known as adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes) can be a life-long, chronic disease in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells in out body doesn’t respond to insulin correctly. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body’s cells can’t function properly.

Type 2 diabetes is more likely to occur in people who are over the age of 40, overweight, or have a family history in diabetes. Certain ethnic and racial groups also have higher risk for type 2 diabetes, including black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American and Pacific Islander. However, over the past decade the incidence of type2 diabetes has been increasing in adolescents and the young adult population.

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According to recent research, type 2 diabetes cannot be cured, but individuals can have glucose levels that return to non-diabetes range, (complete remission) or pre-diabetes glucose level (partial remission) The primary means by which people with type 2 diabetes achieve remission is by losing significant amounts of weight.

We talk of remission and not a cure because it isn’t permanent. The beta cells have been damaged and the underlying genetic factors contributing to the person’s susceptibility to diabetes remain intact. This is often seen in people who have had untreated diabetes for a long time and whose A1c level is acutely elevated. They may require insulin for a short period of time and once the glucose level is lowered and the beta cells start to function again they then can often revert to pills or lifestyle management.

Although remission can be achieved by standard medical means of lifestyle manipulation, many remissions are a consequence of gastric bypass surgery. For most people behavior modification (initially with or without medications) with lifestyle changes can help manage type 2 diabetes. Don’t worry -a meal plan isn’t a strict diet where you can no longer eat and enjoy your favorite foods-it’s all about giving you guidance to shape your eating pattern.

Through these significant lifestyle changes you could be well on your way to managing your diabetes. Don’t get discouraged if you slip back to your old habits – it is common for many people.

Can your diabetes go into remission?

There's no way to know in advance if your body can "reverse" your diabetes. To help take charge of your diabetes, manage how much and what type of carbohydrate you eat. You can use activity to help lower your blood sugar and manage your diabetes. Some risks related to diabetes, such as heart disease, are still higher than normal even when your blood sugar is controlled.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

It happens when blood sugar levels rise due to problems with the use or production of insulin.

It can appear at any age, but it is more likely to occur after the age of 45 yearsTrusted Source.

It affects over 30 millionTrusted Source Americans, according to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and it accounts for 90–95 percent of diabetes cases.

This article looks at the early signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes, the risk factors, and potential complications.

What is type 2 diabetes?
People with type 2 diabetes do not make or use insulin correctly.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates the movement of blood glucose, or sugar, into cells, which use it as energy.

When sugar cannot enter cells, this means:

too much glucose collects in the blood
the body’s cells cannot use it for energy
A doctor may diagnose diabetes if a person’s blood sugar levels are 126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or above after fasting for 8 hours.

Green Veggie Causing Type 2 Diabetes In Millions

Symptoms
The symptoms of high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes tend to appear gradually. They may have some or all the classic symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

They may also experience one or more of the following:

flu-like fatigue, which includes feeling lethargic and chronically weak
urinary tract infections
numbness and tingling in the hands, arms, legs, and feet due to circulation and nerve damage
dental problems, including infections of the mouth and red, inflamed gums
Early signs
Most people do not experience symptoms in the early stages, and they may not have symptoms for many years.

A possible early sign of type 2 diabetes is darkened skin on certain areas of the body, including:

the neck
the elbows
the knees
the knuckles
This is known as acanthosis nigricans.

Other early symptoms include:

frequent bladder, kidney, or skin infections
cuts that take longer to heal
fatigue
extreme hunger
increased thirst
urinary frequency
blurred vision
A person may have mild or subtle symptoms for many years, but these can become in time. In the early stages, however, it is easy to treat.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

confusion
dizziness
feeling faint
heart palpitations
rapid heartbeat
mood changes
loss of consciousness
sweating
clamminess
If symptoms are mild, a person can often resolve low blood sugar levels by consuming:

a few pieces of hard candy
a cup of orange juice
a teaspoon of honey
a glucose tablet
The person should then wait 15 minutes, test their blood sugar, and if it is still low, they should take another glucose tablet or sweet.

When levels return to above 70 mg/dl, the person should eat a meal, to stabilize their glucose levels.

If they remain low for 1 hour or longer, or if symptoms worsen, someone should take the person to the emergency room.

Anyone who has frequent or severe hypoglycemic episodes should speak to their doctor, as they may need to adjust their treatment plan.

Hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

If blood sugar levels rise too far, hyperglycemia can result.

Early signs of type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

What are the early signs of type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes causes a person’s blood sugar levels to become too high. The report also estimated that another 84.1 million U.S. adults have prediabetes.

People with prediabetes have higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, but doctors do not consider them to have diabetes yet. According to the CDCTrusted Source, people with prediabetes often develop type 2 diabetes within 5 years if they do not get treatment.

The onset of type 2 diabetes can be gradual, and symptoms can be mild during the early stages. Frequent urination.

When blood sugar levels are high, the kidneys try to remove the excess sugar by filtering it out of the blood. In people with diabetes, not enough of this glucose moves from the bloodstream into the body’s cells.

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As a result, people with type 2 diabetes often feel constantly hungry, regardless of how recently they have eaten.

Blurry vision.

An excess of sugar in the blood can damage the tiny blood vessels in the eyes, which can cause blurry vision. This blurry vision can occur in one or both of the eyes and may come and go.

If a person with diabetes goes without treatment, the damage to these blood vessels can become more severe, and permanent vision loss may eventually occur.

 Slow healing of cuts and wounds.

High levels of sugar in the blood can damage the body’s nerves and blood vessels, which can impair blood circulation. Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet.

High blood sugar levels can affect blood circulation and damage the body’s nerves. Yeast infections tend to occur on warm, moist areas of the skin, such as the mouth, genital areas, and armpits.

The affected areas are usually itchy, but a person may also experience burning, redness, and soreness.
Importance of early diagnosis.

Recognizing the early signs of type 2 diabetes can allow a person to get a diagnosis and treatment sooner. Getting appropriate treatment, making lifestyle changes, and controlling blood sugar levels can greatly improve a person’s health and quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

Without treatment, persistently high blood sugar levels can lead to severe and sometimes life-threatening complications, including:

heart disease.
stroke.
nerve damage, or neuropathy.
foot problems.
kidney disease, which can result in a person needing dialysis.
eye disease or loss of vision.
sexual problems in both men and women.

Untreated diabetes can also lead to hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which causes a severe and persistent increase in blood sugar levels. This sudden complication tends to affect older people.

Keeping blood sugar levels under control is crucial for preventing some of these complications. The longer that blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled, the higher the risk of other health problems.

Type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

How type 2 diabetes happens

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

When this is the case, cells are not instructed by insulin to take up glucose from the blood, meaning the blood sugar level rises (referred to as hyperglycemia).

People usually develop type 2 diabetes after the age of 40 years, although people of South Asian origin are at an increased risk of the condition and may develop diabetes from the age of 25 onwards. Type 2 diabetes often develops as a result of overweight, obesity and lack of physical activity and diabetes prevalence is on the rise worldwide as these problems become more widespread.

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Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of all diabetes cases (the other form being type 1 diabetes) and treatment approaches include lifestyle changes and the use of medication.
Types of Diabetes
Also known of as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. Patients have to be given the hormone, which is why the condition is also known of as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), since it can be treated with lifestyle changes and/or types of medication other than insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is significantly more common than type 1 diabetes.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
The increased blood glucose level seen in diabetes can eventually damage a person’s blood vessels, nerves and organs. The body attempts to remove the excess glucose through urination and the most common symptoms of type 2 diabetes include the following:

Polydipsia (increased thirst)
Polyphagia (increased hunger)
Polyuria (increased frequency of urination), especially during the night
Extreme fatigue, weight loss and sudden loss of muscle bulk.
Some of these symptoms are also seen in type 1 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes symptoms tend to develop more gradually and can take months or years to manifest. This can make it more difficult for people to tell they have an underlying health condition and often people have had type 2 diabetes for a long time before it is finally diagnosed.
Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
The high blood glucose seen in diabetes can damage blood vessels, nerves and organs, leading to a number of potential complications. Some examples of the complications caused by diabetes include the following:

Heart Disease and Stroke
A persistently high blood glucose level can increase the risk of blood vessels becoming narrowed and clogged with fatty plaques (atherosclerosis). If blood vessels that supply the brain are affected, this can lead to stroke.

Nervous System Damage
Excess glucose in the blood can damage small blood vessels in the nerves causing a tingling sensation or pain in the fingers, toes and limbs. This usually happens as a result of high blood pressure and blood pressure management is an important part of managing type 2 diabetes.

Foot Ulceration
Nerve damage in the feet can mean small cuts are not felt or treated, which can lead to a foot ulcer developing. In some cases, people who have had type 2 diabetes for many years are eventually prescribed insulin injections.

Maintaining a healthy blood glucose level, blood pressure and cholesterol is essential to preventing the complications of type 2 diabetes.

Can you reverse type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Can You Reverse Type 2 Diabetes?

Although there's no cure for type 2 diabetes, studies show it's possible for some people to reverse it. Not only can shedding pounds help you manage your diabetes, sometimes losing enough weight could help you live diabetes-free -- especially if you've only had the disease for a few years and haven't needed insulin.

Low-Calorie Diet
Several studies in England have looked at the effects of a very low-calorie diet on diabetes. Two had people follow a mostly liquid diet of 625-850 calories a day for 2-5 months, followed by a less restricted diet designed to help them keep off the weight they lost. Both studies found that nearly half the people who took part reversed their diabetes and kept their blood glucose near the normal range for at least 6 months to a year.
This type of diet is extreme. So it's important to get started on a weight loss plan as soon as possible after you're diagnosed.
What Happens
When you have type 2 diabetes, cells that help your body control your blood sugar stop working right. People who lost weight had lower levels of fat in their liver and pancreas, and for some of them, that helped the beta cells in their pancreas that release insulin and control blood sugar start working again.

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The odds of rescuing those cells are best early on. That suggests it may be better for doctors to help people lose a lot of weight after a diagnosis, rather than make small lifestyle changes and manage symptoms with medication.
Exercise
More physical activity is a way to improve diabetes, but it may be tough to lose enough weight to go into remission with workouts alone. Aside from helping you lose weight, it may help reverse diabetes in other ways, although scientists don't yet know exactly why. One theory is that it affects the hormones in your gut to help your body control blood glucose.

Researchers estimate that upwards of three-quarters of people see their diabetes reversed after bariatric surgery. But most people who have it done end up reversing their diabetes.

Fasting
Fasting can be a practical way to lose weight because it's fairly straightforward, but it's not a mainstream treatment for type 2 diabetes.

A very small study found therapeutic fasting -- going without food and drink with calories for a set amount of time -- can help reverse type 2 diabetes. They would eat only dinner on days they fasted, and lunch and dinner on days they didn't fast, focusing on low-carbohydrate meals.
Two of the people in the study were able to stop taking all diabetes medication, and the third stopped three of their four medications. They lost between 10% and 18% of their body weight, or 20-23 pounds.

Another study showed that eating very few calories (500-600) 2 days a week and a normal diet the other days helped people with type 2 diabetes lose weight and lower their blood sugar levels just as much as limiting calories to 1,200-1,500 every day.

If you want to try fasting, you should work with your doctor so you get the right information and support to do it safely.
What Doesn't Work
When it comes to reversing diabetes, there's no magic pill.

Can Diabetes Kill You | Health & Fitness Expert

Can Diabetes Kill You?

Here's what you need to know about the life-threatening diabetes complication called diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis can also be caused by illnesses, namely pneumonia and urinary tract infections.

“If someone has a modest amount of insulin but they are put under medical stress from an illness, then the body’s stress mechanisms are going to push the glucose levels higher,” says Dr. Bernstein, who is also past president of the American Diabetes Association.

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Rarely, certain drugs can cause diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 and type 2 diabetics.

In some cases, diabetic ketoacidosis might be the first sign you even have type 1 diabetes. Initial diabetic ketoacidosis signs are usually feeling excessively thirsty, having to urinate frequently, and having a dry mouth.
Later diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, pain in your abdomen, trouble breathing, confusion or having a hard time concentrating, not wanting to eat, weakness, and a fruity smell on your breath.

“Someone who gets diabetic ketoacidosis starts to feel weak, they start to vomit, they urinate a lot, and start to breathe very, very fast,” says Dr. Zonszein.

Understanding type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Understanding type 2 diabetes.

 Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that

causes sugar in the form of glucose to

accumulate in the blood

rather than being used as fuel by the

cells in our body

when we eat food is broken down by our

digestive system into nutrient molecules

that are then absorbed through our

digestive tract for use by the body

foods containing carbohydrates or

various sugars are broken down into

glucose  is an important source

of fuel for many organs in our body

however to be able to use the glucose

for fuel the glucose molecule must first

enter into the cell

the pancreas produces a hormone called

insulin a chemical messenger essential

for the entry of glucose into cells as

the blood glucose levels rise after a

meal insulin is released into the

bloodstream and sets processes in motion

to trigger the removal of glucose from

the blood to enter into the cells

in type 2 diabetes the cells become

resistant to insulin and ignore its

message to absorb glucose this is known

as insulin resistance

in addition in type 2 diabetes the

pancreas is unable to produce the

greater amounts of insulin needed to

trigger these resistant cells to take in

glucose from the bloodstream

the most notable symptom of diabetes is

frequent urination and excessive thirst

other symptoms include weakness

drowsiness and blurred vision these are

caused by chemical imbalances in the

blood related to high levels of blood

glucose about one in four people with

type 2 diabetes are unaware that they

have the disease

it is important to catch diabetes early

over time high blood glucose damages the

blood vessels which can damage the

organs that these vessels supply leading

to a variety of health complications

damage to the small or micro blood

vessels can cause vision problems

including loss of sight nerve damage and

kidney disease damage to larger or macro

blood vessels can lead to cardiovascular

complications such as heart disease

stroke and poor blood circulation

overweight and inactivity are major

causes of diabetes a family history of

diabetes significantly increases your

risk of developing the disease certain

ethnic populations are also at increased

risk of developing type 2 diabetes

finally some medications may increase

your diabetes risk

specifically corticosteroids thiazide

diuretics drugs used to treat certain

mental illnesses and some anti

retrovirals used to treat HIV infection

in summary type 2 diabetes is a

metabolic disorder

it causes sugar in the form of glucose

to accumulate in the blood

rather than being used as fuel for the

cells in our body

if not diagnosed and treated in a timely

manner type 2 diabetes can lead to many

health complications.

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Fatigue type 2 diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

Why Does Type 2 Diabetes Make You Feel So Tired?

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms associated with poorly controlled blood sugar.
If you have type 2 diabetes and you’re feeling tired, you’re not alone. Simply managing diabetes on a daily basis can zap your energy from time to time.

However, the most common cause, by far, is uncontrolled blood glucose, says Joel Zonszein, MD, director of the Clinical Diabetes Center at the University Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System in the Bronx, New York.

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With type 2 diabetes, poor blood sugar control typically results in hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, which can cause fatigue among other symptoms. Anemia is not caused by diabetes, but it frequently occurs in people with diabetes and is a common cause of fatigue.

He will also check the thyroid hormone level. “A sluggish thyroid together with diabetes can be another cause,” says Zonszein.

Medications should also be reviewed, as fatigue can be a side effect in some, especially those used to control blood pressure like beta blockers.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease that is associated with numerous co-morbidities, including obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. Often neglected are psychological factors, such as depression or feeling overwhelmed by their diagnosis or complexity of medical care, that can contribute greatly to feeling “low energy.”

To reduce fatigue and your risk of other symptoms and complications, it’s important to work with your health care team to make sure you’re properly managing your diabetes and any co-morbid conditions — and that includes making healthy lifestyle choices.

“People who have a healthy lifestyle — who exercise every day, eat well, drink a lot of water, and take their medications properly — tend to feel well,” says Zonszein.

Signs of diabetes | Health & Fitness Expert

What are the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

1. Fatigue
2. Frequent urination
3. Excess thirst
4. Blurry or cloudy vision
5. Wounds that won't heal
6. Tingling or numbness in the feet
7. Erectile dysfunction 
8. Dark skin under the armpits and around the groin

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Can type 2 diabetes be reversed? | Health & Fitness Expert

Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Reversed?

Type 2 diabetes (formerly known as adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes) can be a life-long, chronic disease in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells in out body doesn’t respond to insulin correctly. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body’s cells can’t function properly.

Type 2 diabetes is more likely to occur in people who are over the age of 40, overweight, or have a family history in diabetes. Certain ethnic and racial groups also have higher risk for type 2 diabetes, including black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American and Pacific Islander. However, over the past decade the incidence of type2 diabetes has been increasing in adolescents and the young adult population.

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According to recent research, type 2 diabetes cannot be cured, but individuals can have glucose levels that return to non-diabetes range, (complete remission) or pre-diabetes glucose level (partial remission) The primary means by which people with type 2 diabetes achieve remission is by losing significant amounts of weight.

We talk of remission and not a cure because it isn’t permanent. They may require insulin for a short period of time and once the glucose level is lowered and the beta cells start to function again they then can often revert to pills or lifestyle management.

Although remission can be achieved by standard medical means of lifestyle manipulation, many remissions are a consequence of gastric bypass surgery. For most people behavior modification (initially with or without medications) with lifestyle changes can help manage type 2 diabetes. Excess weight increases insulin resistance, so by shedding just 7 to 10 percent of bodyweight, the body’s cells will be better able to respond to the insulin.

The key to losing weight is finding a meal plan and an activity regimen that will best suit one’s lifestyle. Don’t worry -a meal plan isn’t a strict diet where you can no longer eat and enjoy your favorite foods-it’s all about giving you guidance to shape your eating pattern.

Through these significant lifestyle changes you could be well on your way to managing your diabetes.