The Effects of Diabetes on Your Body
When you hear the word “diabetes,” your first thought is likely about high blood sugar. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1, also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an immune system disorder. Over time, it can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the blood vessels.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, diabetes doubles your risk of heart disease and stroke. In addition to monitoring and controlling your blood glucose, good eating habits and regular exercise can help lower the risk of high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.
You should also consider quitting smoking if you’re at risk for diabetes. You may also be more prone to boils, folliculitis (infection of the hair follicles), sties, and infected nails.
Unmanaged diabetes can also lead to three skin conditions:
eruptive xanthomatosis, which causes hard yellow
bumps with a red ring
digital sclerosis, which causes thick skin, most
often on the hands or feet
diabetic dermopathy, which can cause brown
patches on the skin
For diabetic dermopathy, there’s no cause for concern and no treatment is necessary.
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These skin conditions usually clear up when you get your blood sugar under control.
Central nervous system
Diabetes causes diabetic neuropathy, or damage to the nerves. Symptoms of eye trouble can be mild at first, so it’s important to see your eye doctor regularly.
Reproductive system
The changing hormones during pregnancy can cause gestational diabetes and, in turn, increases your risk of high blood pressure. There are two types of high blood pressure conditions for pregnant women to watch out for, preeclampsia or eclampsia.
In most cases, gestational diabetes is easily controlled and glucose levels return to normal after the baby is born. Symptoms are similar to other types of diabetes, but may also include repeated infections affecting the vagina and bladder.
If you develop gestational diabetes, your baby may have a higher birth weight.
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